![]() ![]() The daily rise of melatonin secretion correlates with a subsequent increase in sleep propensity about 2 hours before the person’s regular bedtime. ![]() In humans and most diurnal mammals, melatonin is secreted at night with a robust circadian rhythm and maximum plasma levels that occur around 3 to 4 AM. ![]() Its half-life is about 30 minutes, and it is cleared mostly through the liver and subsequently excreted in the urine as urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin. Melatonin displays high lipid and water solubility, which allows it to diffuse easily through most cell membranes, including the blood-brain barrier. It is produced from a pathway that includes both tryptophan and serotonin. ![]() 1 In humans, it is the main hormone synthesized and secreted by the pineal gland. Melatonin was first isolated from the bovine pineal gland in 1958.
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